Trust and reciprocity: misunderstandings

We contest a reductive view of trust, quite diffused in economics, and in studies influenced by the Game-Theory framework: the idea that trust has necessarily to do with contexts requiring ‘‘reciprocation’’; or that trust is trust in the other’s reciprocation. A multi-layer cognitive model of trust will be proposed. Trust is not conceived only as an attitude towards the other, implying different kinds of beliefs (evaluations, expectations, beliefs on the other’’s motives, etc.), but also as a willingness to rely on others that makes us dependent and vulnerable to them, as well as a concrete act of reliance based on this. Not necessarily we trust people because they will be willing to reciprocate; and we do not necessarily reciprocate for reciprocating. Trust (even ‘‘genuine’’ trust) is based on a variety of motivations ascribed to others and makes prevail the adoption of our needs and goals: from ‘‘altruism’’ to ‘‘self-interest’’, from reciprocation to norms or to affective reasons.